Obstetrics

Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD): Causes, signs and symptoms, treatment and prevention

What is Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD) ? These are a condition occurring when there is abnormal development, usually the over-proliferation of the chorionic villi. GTD can either lead to partial or complete hydatidiform mole. There is viable fetus despite the rising of the hCG in the woman’s urine and blood serum. In other words, GTD …

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Amniotic fluid embolism

Amniotic Fluid Embolism: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

It’s nice to meet you again today.  In this article, I will be discussing amniotic fluid embolism, its causes, signs and symptoms treatment and prevention. And I hope you would enjoy reading through. Sometimes, a condition can occur when amniotic fluid is forced into the maternal circulation via uterus or placental site forming an embolism …

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amniotic fluid embolism

Postpartum Haemorrhage: Causes & Treatment

What is Postpartum haemorrhage? Postpartum haemorrhage (postnatal bleeding) is the excessive bleeding from the woman’s genital tract of about 500mls or more following childbirth. Or it can be seen as any amount of bleeding occurring after the birth of the baby which deteriorates the maternal health state following birth of the baby up to 6 …

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Thrombophlebitis: causes and treatment

Thrombophlebitis A medical condition where a patient has clot formation in the veins of either the legs or pelvis is collectively called thrombotic disease. Clot formation may be caused by venous stasis or diminished blood flow.  However, a thrombotic disease which occurs either due to infection or trauma to the veins is known as thrombophlebitis. …

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Obstetric Shock: Causes, Treatment and Prevention

Shock is among obstetric emergencies that occur when there is sudden fall or collapse of a patient during pregnancy, labour or shortly after delivery. In this condition, the body does not work normally and organs such as the heart, brain, lungs and kidneys are adversely affected due to hypoxia (lack of oxygen). What is obstetric …

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Retained placenta: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

Normally, placenta is usually expelled within 10 to 15 minutes of baby’s birth. A retained placenta occurs when placenta fails to be delivered after 30minutes of the delivery of the baby. The failure of uterus to expel the placenta after this time can be attributed to: What are causes of retained placenta? What is morbid …

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Uterine Contractions: Management of Hypertonic & Hypotonic Contractions

Uterine contractions are the main forces that facilitate labour and delivery. When there is problem in uterine contractions, labour can be prolonged or obstructed. The strength, frequent, intensity and duration of uterine contraction can either make or mar labour and delivery. According to wikipedia, the uterine smooth muscle contracts during the menstrual cycle and labour, …

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Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD): Causes, Signs and Management

Cephalopelvic Disproportion is anatomical disproportion between fetal head and maternal pelvis. It may be as a result of big head, small pelvis or combination of both. It occurs when the head of the fetus does not fit in to the mother’s pelvis or a delivery condition in which the mother’s pelvis is too small or …

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Malpresentations & Malpositions: Causes and What the Midwife Should Do

Malpresentations & Malpositions are among the causes of poor progress of labour. Good progress of labour is enhanced when the presenting part is well applied to the cervix. In malpresentation like face presenting part is not well applied resulting to poor progress. Also, in face presentation the face is not compressible for a lesser diameter …

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Trial of Labour: Indications, Contraindications, Risks and More

Trial of labour is conducted in the presence of a minor or moderate degree of cephalopelvic disproportion in an attempt to achieve a vaginal delivery. The factors supporting the achievement of vaginal delivery in trial of labour are: What is trial of labour? Trial of labour is defined as a test given to a woman …

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