Birthing positions Types of birthing positions RECUMBENT POSITION (LITHOTOMY) Women can choose a variety of positions for birth. Use of non lithotomy positions were natural ways of birth as old as origin of man. In modern times about two centuries ago, the use of lithotomy became the norm because it is easier to apply new …
Description of Second stage of labour Second stage of labour starts from fully cervical dilatation to the delivery of the baby. It is also divided into two phases Latent phase of the second stage The cervix is fully dilated but the presenting part is still very high, it has not reach the pelvic outlet Active …
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Description of first stage of labour The progress of labour has been divided into stages and phases, labour is subdivided into four stages they are as follows: FIRST STAGE OF LABOUR This begins with the onset of true labour and ends when the cervix is completely dilated at 10cm. This stage is subdivided into three …
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Type of pelvis and their effects on labour The shape and structure of pelvis varies from one woman to another, ut ideal normal pelvis favours vaginal delivery. There are four main types of pelvis are gynaecoid, android, anthropoid and platypelloid. Table of contents GYNAECOID PELVIS This is another name for the female pelvis designed for …
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General description of bony pelvis The bony pelvis is a strong bony ring linked to a tilted basin which protects and contains the female reproductive organs. The following are found within the pelvis: It is through these route that a baby passes through during delivery. Structure of the pelvis The bony pelvis is made up …
Description of Ovaries The Ovaries are the female glands or organs that lie within the peritoneal cavity in a small depression of the posterior wall of the broad ligament. Location: They are situated at the fimbrated end of the Fallopian tube at about the level of the pelvic brim. Shape: They are small almond like …
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Description of third stage of labor Third stage of labour is defined as the period between birth of the baby to complete expulsion of placenta and membranes. It is the shortest but most dangerous stage of labour since there is for postpartum haemorrhage, uterine inversion and rupture. Physiology of third stage of Labour This involves …
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What is the menstrual cycle? Menstruation is a monthly physiological bleeding from the endometrium that lasts from about 4 days from the time of menarche to menopause. The occurrence of monthly menstrual flow is known as menstrual cycle. Physiology of menstruation The uterine changes which relate to menstruation occur in the corpora endometrium, as a …
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What is an abnormal pelvis? Abnormal pelvis is a pelvis with disruption in its structure or function. It is the main cause of prolonged or obstructed labour that necessitates cesarean delivery. There are different types of abnormal pelvis which are classified under two main groups. Congenital abnormalities of the pelvis Justo Minor: This is like …
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The essential functions of umbilical cord cannot be over emphasized. Therefore, any abnormal umbilical cord predisposes to rupture, mechanical failure, entanglement, disruption of labour, uterine malfunction, and premature labor. What are abnormalities of umbilical cord? Cord abnormalities are silent and invisible but can be diagnosed prenatally with meticulous ultrasound scan. Sometimes, may not be diagnosed …
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